ABSTRACT
The goal of this study is to examine the nature of causal relations between COVID-19 related economic supports and real estate shocks in 58 countries over the period of January 1, 2020 and September 3, 2022. To carry out the research, we first decompose the positive and negative shocks of real estate prices for each country. Second, we apply the wavelet transformation to real estate price index shocks and Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Economic Support Index by using a discrete wavelet transform. Finally, we employ the fractional frequency flexible Fourier form Toda-Yamamoto causality test to obtain the causal relations. The results of the study show that in most countries, COVID-19 economic supports have causal effects on real estate prices. Real estate market reactions differ across different time periods. Most of the asymmetric responses of the market takes place in the medium-and long-term. Our results may provide valuable insights for policymakers to develop appropriate housing policies to create an environment for a stable real estate market and enhance price stability when monitoring real estate market developments. © 2022, Global Social Science Institute. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Nurses were affected by this pandemic more than any other healthcare professionals because they were working on the frontline continuously. Aims: The current study explored how nurses who care for patients with COVID-19 assess this process which they experienced, how they coped with the process, and their psychological experiences. The study was conducted by reaching out to the nurses working at pandemic clinics using the snowball sampling method. A total of 40 nurses were interviewed using telephone. The study employed a descriptive qualitative approach. The data were obtained through telephonic interviews that were performed by the researcher using interview forms. Materials and Methods: The interview notes were analyzed using the content analysis method according to Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Results: As a result of the content analysis, four themes emerged with the following headings: Initial reactions, factors that made an adaptation to the period of pandemic challenging, factors that facilitated the adaptation, and what the period of pandemic taught. Conclusions: It is suggested for nurses that their rotation should be planned effectively, and their social support should be enhanced. They should be provided with adequate personal protective equipment and human resource planning should be improved until the end of the COVID-19 pandemic.